CRIMINAL SOCIOLOGY, ETHICS & HUMAN RELATIONS l Criminology Board Exam Reviewer 2023

CRIMINAL SOCIOLOGY, ETHICS & HUMAN RELATIONS

 1. The Police seek to prevent crimes by being present in places where crimes might be committed and by alerting citizens to refrain from practices that make them or their property vulnerable.

A. law enforcement

B. public services

C. opportunity denial

D. order maintenance

 

Answer: C

 

2. The society’s prime instrument for making known what acts are crimes and what sanctions may be applied to those who commit acts defined as crimes.

A. Ethics

B. Law

C. Conduct

D. Justice

 

Answer: B

 

3. A social norm providing guidance for people in their dealings with one another, as a standard against which actions are evaluated, and as a prescription or requirement that people act justly.

A. Law

B. Justice

C. Ethics

D. Conduct

 

Answer: B

 

4. It is the study of human society, its origin, structure, functions and direction.

A. Psychology

B. Criminology

C. Sociology

D. Anthropology

 

Answer: C

 

 

5. A person who has violated the penal law and has been found guilty by the court.

A. Accused

B. Parolee

C. Suspect

D. Criminal

 

Answer: D

 

6. A body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon.

A. criminal psychology

B. criminal sociology

C. criminal law

D. criminology

Answer: D

7. The reduction or elimination of the desire and opportunity to commit a crime.

A. law enforcement

B. crime prevention

C. protection of rights

D. order maintenance

Answer: B

8. The primary advocate of the Positivist School in Criminology.

A. Cesare Beccaria

B. Cesare Lombroso

C. Henry Goddard

D. Augusto Comti

Answer: B

9. The science of classifying human physical characteristics.

A. Determinism

B. Somatology

C. Positivism

D. Atavism

Answer: B

10. Reacting to events with alertness and vigilance and a feeling of persecution.

A. dementia praecox

B. hallucination

C. paranoia

D. depression

Answer: C

11. Science concerned with improving the quality of human off springs.

A. Genetics

B. Eugenics

C. Criminology D. Heredity

Answer: B

 

 

12. Scientific approach based upon mental processes and characteristics.

A. psychogenic determinism

B. emotional determinism

C. biological determinism

D. criminological determinism

Answer: A

13. The principle that events, including criminal behavior, has sufficient causes.

A. Positivism

B. Determinism

C. Atavism

D. Nazism

Answer: B

14. Criminals who acted under the impulse of uncontrolled emotion on occasion during otherwise moral lives.

A. seasonal criminals

B. criminals of passion

C. occasional criminals

D. born criminals

Answer: B

15. It is the most basic social institution and is the most potentially effective agency of social control.

A. Church

B. Community

C. Family

D. School

Answer: C

16. A sub-discipline of criminology which focuses on victims of crime.

A. Penology

B. Criminal psychology

C. Criminal profiling

D. Victimology

Answer: D

17. An irrational fear which is fixed, intense, uncontrollable and often has no reasonable foundation.

A. Phobia

B. Delusions

C. Regression

D. Anxiety

Answer: A

18. The principle which states that man, by nature, always tries to maximize pleasure and avoid pain.

A. Utopia

B. Hedonism

C. Socialism

D. Atavism

Answer: B

 

19. The mental capacity to distinguish right from wrong.

A. Discernment

B. Morality

C. Ethics

D. Imbecility

Answer: A

20. It has the power to define and punish crimes.

A. Church

B. State

C. Judiciary

D. Police

Answer: B

21. Which of the following is not a victimless crime?

A. Vagrancy

B. illegal gambling

C. illegal detention

D. illegal possession of prohibited drugs

Answer: C

22. The purpose of penalty in the Positivist School of Criminology.

A. Retribution

B. Reformation

C. Rejection

D. Restitution

Answer: B

23. A doctrine which criminals were seen as distinct types of humans who could be distinguished from non criminals by certain physical traits.

A. theory of biological inferiority

B. theory of natural selection

C. theory of differential association

D. theory of evolution

Answer: A

24. Referred to as dementia praecox, this is a form of psychosis characterized by thinking disturbance and regression.

A. Schizophrenia

B. manic depression

C. paranoia

D. psychopathy

Answer: A

25. According to psychoanalysis, this refers to the conscience of man.

A. Ego

B. Id

C. super ego

D. spirit

Answer: C

26. A type of crime in which the end result is destructive.

A. acquisitive crime

B. extinctive crime

C. seasonal crime

D. static crime

Answer: B

27. Study of criminality in relation to spatial distribution in a community.

A. Criminal epidemiology

B. Criminal demography

C. Criminal psychology

D. Criminal determinism

Answer: B

28. The taking of a person into custody in order that he may be bound to answer for the commission of an offense.

A. Search

B. Seizure

C. Detention

D. Arrest

Answer: D

29. A valid warrant less arrest.

A. citizen’s arrest

B. void arrest

C. illegal arrest

D. juridical arrest

Answer: A

30. The authority of the court to hear or determine a case.

A. executive power

B. jurisdiction

C. hearing

D. decision

Answer: B

31. A component or pillar of the Criminal Justice System which is involved in the administration of appropriate sanctions in keeping with the sentence handed down.

A. Corrections

B. Prosecutions

C. law enforcement

D. court

Answer: A

32. The reading of charges against the accused in the open court and the declaration of his plea of guilty or not guilty.

A. Charging

B. Sentencing

C. Arraignment

D. Trial

Answer: C

33. The major function of the PROSECUTION component of the Criminal Justice System.

A. To enforce the laws of the land

B. To rehabilitate prisoners

C. To represent the government in criminal cases

D. All of these

Answer:  D

34. The supreme law of the Land.

A. Bible

B. Constitution

C. PNP Law

D. Common Law

Answer: B

34. It means not only observed acts of crime but the results of a crime, which triggers the operation of the criminal justice process.

A. commission of a crime

B. solution of a crime

C. detection of a crime

D. adjudication of a crime

Answer: B

35. The machinery of the State designed to enforce the law by arresting, prosecuting and adjudicating those accused of violating it and by applying the proper sanctions to those found guilty.

A. Court

B. Government

C. Criminal Justice System

D. Due Process of Law

C

36. A law enforcement function in order to preserve social and public order.

A. Protection

B. crowd control

C. order maintenance

D. crime prevention

Answer: C

37. This defense in a criminal case is based on the claim that the act was the result, not of any intent on the part of the accused, but of threats of loss of life, limb or a loved one.

A. defense of instigation

B. defense of consent

C. defense of alibi

D. defense of duress

Answer: D

38. The society’s primary instrument for making known what acts are crimes and what sanctions may be applied to those who commit acts defined as crimes.

A. Law

B. Ethics

C. Media

D. Conduct

Answer: A

39. A function of the Prosecution, by representing the State in criminal cases and to present the case to the judge.

A. trial advocacy

B. pleading

C. rehabilitation

D. charging

Answer: A

40. A claim by the accused that he or she was in another place when the crime occurred and therefore could not have committed it.

A. defense of instigation

B. defense of alibi

C. defense of consent

D. defense of duress

Answer: B

41. The informal component of the Criminal Justice System.

A. Community

B. law enforcement

C. prosecution

D. corrections

Answer: A

42. Maltreatment of a child is considered0

A. child misuse

B. child delinquency

C. child defect

D. child abuse

Answer: D

43. PD 603 is known as:

A. the Parole Law

B. the Probation Law

C. the Child and Youth Welfare Code

D. the Revised Penal Code for children

Answer: C

44. It refers to anti social act which deviates from normal pattern of rules and regulations

A. Recidivism

B. Reiteracion

C. Delinquency

D. Crime

Answer: C

45. A child whose basic needs have been deliberately unattended.

A. neglected child

B. abandoned child

C. dependent child

D. abusive child

Answer: A

46. A twenty four hour child caring institution that provide short term resident care for youthful offenders.

A. Shelter care Institution

B. Nursery

C. Foster Home

D. Detention Home

Answer: A

47. A local government together with society of individuals or institutions.

A. Family

B. Community

C. Religion

D. Prison

Answer: B

48. A type of terrorism which is meant to incite the government to repression.

A. organizational terrorism

B. provocative terrorism

C. symbolic terrorism

D. Narco-terrorism

Answer: B

49. A type of terrorism which is aimed at a victim who symbolizes the State.

A. symbolic terrorism

B. organizational terrorism

C. allegiance terrorism

D. provocative terrorism

Answer: A

50. The following are guidelines for police negotiators, except one.

A. Don’t raise the aspirations or expectations of the hostage takers

B. Give in to all of the terrorists’ demands

C. Conserve your concession

D. Make sure you get something in return for a concession

Answer: B

51. The following are qualities which must be possessed by a police negotiator except one:

A. Flexible

B. Irrational

C. Patient

D. knows psychology

Answer: B

52. Phenomena in a hostage situation where the hostages become sympathetic to the hostage takers.

A. Oslo Syndrome

B. Stockholm Syndrome

C. Hostage Syndrome

D. Helsinki Syndrome

Answer: B

53. The following are characteristics common to terrorists except one

A. operate openly

B. highly mobile

C. promote fear

D. possess limited resources

Answer: A

54. The following are short range terrorists goal except one

A. obtain money, weapon or equipment

B. cause dramatic change in the government

C. satisfy vengeance

D. free prisoners

Answer: B

55. According to Frederick Hacker, these are terrorists who are using terrorism to change society.

A. Crusaders

B. Crazies

C. Criminals

D. Mercenaries

Answer: A

56. Which of the following is considered least among terroristic tactic?

A. noise barrage

B. assassination

C. bombing

D. kidnapping

Answer: A

57. The effective planning, formulation of policies, procedures and techniques for dealing with sudden violent acts of terrorists.

A. Threat Analysis

B. Crisis Management

C. Stress Management

D. Hostage Negotiation

Answer: B

58. It is a method whereby an organized group or party seeks to achieve its avowed aims chiefly through the systematic use of violence.

A. conventional warfare

B. insurrection

C. terrorism

D. insurgency

Answer: C

59. The most important consideration in a hostage taking situation.

A. protection of life

B. media coverage

C. protection of property

D. capture of the hostage taker

Answer: A

60. In dealing with the hostage taker, the negotiator should not:

A. give his name

B. give his rank and designation

C. give in to all demands

D. look friendly or accommodating

Answer: C

61. In a hostage situation, this is a non-negotiable item.

A. Food

B. media access

C. telephone

D. firearm

Answer: D

62. The highest ranking field commander should not also be the chief negotiator because

A. hostage takers will be afraid

B. he is not authorized to grant concessions

C. of conflict of interest as mediator and decision maker

D. hostage takers will not trust him

Answer: C

63. It means to arrange by conferring or discussing.

A. validate

B. negotiate

C. extricate

D. congregate

Answer: B

64. The last option in a hostage situation.

A. Negotiation

B. crowd control

C. assault operation

D. giving in to demands

Answer: C

65. The first step in a hostage situation.

A. Assault

B. Control

C. crowd control

D. negotiation

Answer: C

66. The study of standards of conduct and moral judgment.

A. community relations

B. ethics

C. logic

D. psychology

Answer: B

67. It refers to the commitment, dignity and attitude of an individual towards work and his integrity and his practice of the core moral value principles.

A. Conduct

B. Morality

C. Professionalism

D. Ethics

Answer: C

68. Which of the following is not a police custom on courtesy?

A. Salute

B. address/title

C. giving gifts

D. courtesy call

Answer: C

69. The branch of moral science which treats of the duties which a police officer owes to the public and community.

A. police philosophy

B. police professionalism

C. police conduct

D. police ethics 

Answer: D

70. It is the essence of good manners, a manifestation of sportsmanship and an exposition of gentility and culture.

A. Courtesy

B. Discipline

C. Loyalty

D. Morale

Answer: A

71. A mental or moral training that makes a man willing to be subject to controls and regulations for the good of the entire group of which he is a member.

A. Courtesy

B. Discipline

C. Loyalty

D. Morale

Answer: B

72. The concealment or distortion of truth in a matter of fact relevant to one’s office, or connected with the performance of his duties.

A. gross misconduct

B. incompetence

C. dishonesty

D. disloyalty

Answer: C

73. The doing either through ignorance, inattention or malice, of that which the police officer had no legal right to do at all, as where he acts without any authority whatsoever or exceeds, ignores or abuses his powers.

A. Incompetence

B. Dishonesty

C. Misconduct D. Neglect of duty 

Answer: C

74. The omission or refusal, without sufficient excuse, to perform an act or duty, which is the officer’s legal obligation to perform.

A. Incompetence

B. Misconduct

C. Neglect of duty

D. Bribery

Answer: C

75. As a general rule, police officers are not permitted or allowed to engage in any other business or calling.

A. Bribery

B. Moonlighting

C. Neglect of duty

D. Misconduct

Answer: B

76. Police officers shall treat official business as such, and shall not impart the same to anyone except those for whom it is intended, or as directed by his superior officer, or as required by law.

A. criminal investigation

B. admission

C. confession

D. confidential information

Answer: D

77. A voice of reason bidding oneself to avoid evil and do good.

A. Virtue

B. Value

C. Dignity

D. Conscience

Answer: D

78. Authority of a person he exercised over his subordinates.

A. chain of command

B. command responsibility

C. responsibility of post

D. command by discipline

Answer: B

79. The courage to endure without yielding.

A. Perseverance

B. Endurance

C. Fortitude

D. Prudence

Answer: A

80. This refers to the sum total of dealings of the police with the people it serves.

A. Human Relations

B. Police Relations

C. Police Community Relations

D. Police Public Relations

Answer: C

81. It is designed to influence public opinion in favor of the police force.

A. Public Information Program

B. Public Relations

C. Civic Action programs

D. Mass Communications Programs

Answer: B

82. A judicial tribunal designed to administer justice.

A. Office of the Ombudsman

B. Jury

C. Court

D. Department of Justice

Answer: C

83. The assessment of our own vulnerabilities, the evaluation of the threat, threat groups and probable targets.

A. crisis management

B. hostage negotiation

C. threat analysis

D. surveillance operation

Answer: C

84. A person who is held as a security for the fulfillment of certain demands or terms.

A. Victim

B. Hostage

C. Negotiator

D. Coordinator

Answer: B

85. The calculated use of violence or threat of violence to attain political, religious or ideological goals by instilling fear or using intimidation or coercion.

A. Crisis

B. Strike

C. Crime

D. Terrorism

Answer: D

86. One which consists of several parts that interacts with each other to produce some results, serve some functions or meet some objectives.

A. Justice

B. System

C. Feedback

D. Environment

Answer: B

87. The stage of the criminal justice process which involves the convicted person’s serving the sentence imposed.

A. Sentencing

B. Corrections

C. Adjudication

D. charging

Answer: B

88. The recital of the rights of a suspect during custodial investigation.

A. Bill of Rights

B. Miranda Warning

C. Code of Ethics

D. Policeman’s Code

Answer: B

89. This type of physique has relatively predominant muscles, bones and motor organs of the body.

A. Viscerotonic

B. Mesomorphic

C. Endomorphic

D. Ectomorphic

Answer: B

90. The author of “ Origin of Species” and “ The Descent of Man”.

A. Lombroso

B. Darwin

C. Beccaria

D. Garofalo

Answer: B

91. He is the primary advocate of the “Theory of Differential Association”.

A. Lombroso

B. Sutherland

C. Beccaria

D. Garofalo

Answer: B

92. The author of “On Crimes and Punishment” and the primary advocate of the Classical School of Criminology.

A. Lombroso

B. Sutherland

C. Beccaria

D. Garofalo

Answer: C

93. The one who determines personally the existence of probable cause in the issuance of a search warrant.

A. Fiscal

B. Police officer

C. Judge

D. Victim 

Answer: A

94. When an individual experience tension and anxiety increases making him/her helpless, thus he experience negative feelings called

A. Crisis

B. Frustration

C. Conflict

D. Hallucination

Answer: B

95. Among the following, who is the most vulnerable group to abuse and suffer threats?

A. police

B. parents

C. children

D. old age 

Answer: C

96. In the study of organized crimes, which of the following best defines the term “Costa Nostra”?

A. one thing

B. two things

C. crime confederation

D. crime syndicate

Answer: D

97. What is the strict code of conduct that governs the organized crime group behavior?

A. Omerta

B. Camorra

C. Mob

D. Tamero

 

Answer: A

 

98. Who defined White-collar crime as a criminal act committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his or her occupation?

A. E. Sutherland

B. R. Quinney

C. E. Durkheim

D. C. Darwin

 

Answer: A

 

99. Paul likes to buy stolen cellular phones. His act is an act of

A. None of these

B. Forgery

C. Accessory to theft

D. Larceny

E. Fencing

 

Answer:  E

 

100.In the Organized crime world, who bribes, buys, intimidates and negotiates into a relationship with the police or public official?

A. Enforcer

B. Instigator

C. Corrupter

D. Corruptee

 

Answer: C