SOCIOLOGY CRIMINOLOGY l Criminology Board Exam Reviewer 2023

 

SOCIOLOGY CRIMINOLOGY 1. An old woman approached PO3 Gomez asking the police officer to run after an unidentified young man who allegedly snatched her      mobile phone. PO3 Gomez declined claiming that the man was  already a block away from them and besides the police officer alleged that he is rushing home for an urgent matter. The officer’s  refusal to help the old woman is an example of          A.    nonfeasance          B.    malfeasance           C.    misfeasance          D.    misconduct                                                                     Answer: A                         2. When the accused is found not guilty of the charges presented   before the court, he is         A.    convicted         B.    suspended         C.    acquitted         D.    absuelto                                                                         Answer: C                         3. Guilty by act means          A.    Actus Reus          B.    Actus Numbus          C.    Giltus reus          D.    Rea mensa                                                                    Answer: A                        4. If physiological or psychological dependence on some agent are  obviously detected from a person, he is in the state of          A.    dependency or addiction          B.    comatose          C.    insanity          D.    metamorphosis                                                             Answer: A                     5. Which of the following is described as the threatening behaviors, either verbal or physical, directed at others          A.    Abnormality          B.    Dependency          C.    Aggression          D.    Violence                                                                  Answer: C                             6. What aggressive behavior includes repeated noncompliance to a  direct command, verbal abuse-name calling, verbal abuse-threat, and physical abuse?          A.    Interactive          B.    Isolated          C.    Covert          D.    Overt                                                                   Answer: A                                  7. What aggressive behavior includes cursing/swearing, intentional       destruction of property, and self destructive behaviors?          A.    Isolated          B.    Covert          C.    Interactive          D . Overt                                                                     Answer: A                                     8. What aggressive behavior includes the emotional and cognitive      components of aggression such as anger and hostility?          A.    Covert          B.    Dynamic          C.    Interactive          D.    Directive                                                                        Answer: A                            9. When there is an apparent, intentional, and physically aggressive      act irrespective of severity against another person, there is          A.    Battering          B.    Assault          C.    Chaos          D.    Crisis                                                                    Answer: B                                  10.What kind of assault committed when it includes kicking,      punching,deliberately throwing an object and drawing a lethal      weapon against someone?          A.    Mental          B.    Physical          C.    Sexual          D.    Verbal                                                                     Answer: B                                11.Allege means          A.    Assert or make an accusation          B.    remove from its position          C.    direct an act from doing          D.    intentional mutilation                  Answer: A   12.What do you call measures other than judicial proceedings used      to deal with a young person alleged to have committed an      offense?          A.    Rehabilitation          B.    Alternative measures          C.    Individual response against bad behavior          D.    Extra judicial proceedings           Answer: B 13.What do we call the psychological, emotional and behavioral      reactions and deficits of women victims and their inability to      respond effectively to repeated physical and psychological       violence?          A.    Woman Menopausal Syndrome          B.    Battered Woman Syndrome          C.    Violence against women          D.    M'Naghten Rule                         Answer: B 14.What is the theory that tumors and seizures have been      associated with aggression and violent behavior?          A.    Brain lesion theory          B.    Conspiracy theory          C.    Neurotic Mind theory          D.    Dementia praecox                      Answer: A 15.A term used to describe a clinical condition in young children who      have received non-accidental, inexcusable violence or injury,      ranging from minimal to severe or fatal trauma, at the hand of      an adult in a position of trust, generally a parent or guardian          A.    Battered Child Syndrome          B.    Incapacitated Child Syndrome          C.    Abuse Trauma Syndrome          D.    None of these                            Answer: A 16.When we say capital offense, it means:          A.    a very serious crime, for which the death penalty is                   imposed          B.    the highest penalty for selected offenses          C.    total punishment of offender by incarceration          D.    all of the above                          Answer: A 17.At trial, the authenticity of an item as evidence is crucial,      whether it be a physical object like a bullet, a medical record or a      photograph. The item cannot be offered in court without a      testimonial sponsor who can vouch for its unaltered authenticity      to the court and the jury. To validate an items unaltered      authenticity, a record must be kept of each and every time the      item changes hands. This refers to          A.    Records management          B.    Presentation of evidence in court          C.    Chain of custody          D.    Laboratory analysis of items        Answer: A   18.The negligent treatment or maltreatment of a child by a parent or      caretaker under circumstances indicating harm or threatened      harm to the child's health or welfare is known as          A.    Child Abuse          B.    Child Neglect          C.    Child Dilemma          D.    Child in conflict with the law       Answer: C 19.The exchange of sexual favors for money or other material goods      without any emotional involvement  involving a person under the      age of 18 years is called          A.    Child prostitution          B.    Child trafficking          C.    Both A and B are correct          D.    Both A and B are wrong             Answer: A 20.An abuse that is kept secret for a purpose, concealed, or       underhanded is called          A.    Clandestine abuse          B.    Clinical abuse          C.    Overt abuse          D.    Abuse of authority                     Answer: A 21.A false belief based on an incorrect inference about external      reality and firmly sustained despite clear evidence to the      contrary, and which is not related to cultural or religious beliefs          A.    False alarm          B.    Wrong perception          C.    Incoherence          D.    Delusion                                      Answer: D       22.Which of the following is an act committed by a juvenile for      which an adult could be prosecuted in a criminal court?          A.    Adult offense          B.    Status offense          C.    Delinquency offense          D.    Children in conflict with the law      Answer: C 23.Anything that has been used, left, removed, altered or      contaminated during the commission of a crime by either the      suspect or victim is part of          A.    Evidence          B.    Modus operandi          C.    Recidivism          D.    Preservation of crime scene       Answer: A 24.Generally, putting to death a person, as a legal penalty, is called          A.    Infliction          B.    Execution          C.    Murder          D.    Capital punishment                     Answer: B 25.Among the following, what is the form of abuse where the use of      the victim is for selfish purposes and or financial gain?          A.    Verbal Abuse          B.    Exploitation          C.    Racketeering          D.    Khotongism                                Answer: C 26.The most common legal grounds for termination of parental rights,      also a form of child abuse in most states. Sporadic visits, a few      phone calls, or birthday cards are not sufficient to maintain      parental rights.          A.    Exploitation          B.    Abuse          C.    Neglect          D.    Abandonment                             Answer: D 27.Which of the following is defined as acts or omissions by a legal      caretaker that encompasses a broad range of acts, and usually      requires proof of intent.          A.    Abuse          B.    Exploitation          C.    Neglect          D.    Abandonment                             Answer: A 28.The phase of a delinquency hearing similar to a "trial" in adult      criminal court,except that juveniles have no right to a jury trial, a      public trial, or bail.          A.    Acquittal          B.    Conviction          C.    Adjudication          D.    Entertainment                             Answer: C 29.Any of the processes involving enforcement of care, custody, or      support orders by an executive agency rather than by courts or      judges.          A.    Criminal procedure          B.    Administrative procedure          C.    Summary procedure          D.    Trial                                             Answer: B 30.A legal relationship between two people not biologically related,      usually terminating the rights of biological parents, and usually      with a trial "live-in" period. Once it is finalized, the records are      sealed and only the most compelling interests will enable      disclosure of documents.          A.    Adoption          B.    Foster parenting          C.    Common law relationship          D.    Brotherhood                               Answer: A 31.What is the legal doctrine establishing court as determiner of best      environment for raising child which is an alternative to the Parens      Patriae Doctrine?          A.    Rights of Society          B.    Miranda Doctrine          C.    Best interest of the Child Rule          D.    Parental Obligation                     Answer: C 32.What was the case that allowed second prosecution in adult      court for conviction in juvenile court which was based on idea      that first conviction was a "civil" matter?          A.    Case Law          B.    Breed v. Jones          C.    Miranda v. Arizona          D.    Matt v. Jeff                                Answer: B 33.The Law established by the history of judicial decisions in cases      decided by judges, as opposed to common law which is      developed from the history of judicial decisions and social      customs.          A.    Case Law          B.    Breed v. Jones          C.    Miranda v. Arizona          D.    Matt v. Jeff                                Answer: A 34.The filing of legal papers by a child welfare agency when its      investigation has turned up evidence of child abuse. This is a      civil,rather than criminal, charge designed to take preventive      action, like appointment of a guardian for at-risk children before      abuse occurs.           A.    Child prosecution          B.    Child protection action          C.    Parens Patriae          D.    Preliminary investigation             Answer: B 35.The act of being responsible for enforcing child support      obligations is known as          A.    Child’s care          B.    Parental Guidance          C.    Child at risk          D.    Child support                              Answer: D 36.A court order for placement in a secure facility, separate from      adults, for the rehabilitation of a juvenile delinquent.          A.    Summon          B.    Subpoena          C.    Custodial confinement          D.    Rehabilitation order                    Answer: C 37.___ is anyone under the care of someone else. A child ceases to      be a dependent when they reach the age of emancipation.          A.    Delinquent          B.    Dependent          C.    Independent          D.    Recognizance                             Answer: B     38.It a phase of delinquency proceeding similar to "sentencing"       phase of adult trial. The judge must consider alternative,      innovative, and individualized sentences rather than imposing      standard sentences.          A.    Preliminary investigation          B.    Judgment          C.    Disposition          D.    Probationary period                   Answer: C 39.The independence of a minor from his or her parents before        reaching age of majority is known as          A.    Enlightenment          B.    Recognizance          C.    Emancipation          D.    Freedom from parental obligation       Answer: C 40.A clause requiring government to treat similarly situated people      the same or have good reason for treating them differently.      Compelling reasons are considered to exist for treating children      differently.          A.    Bill of Rights          B.    Equal Protection          C.    Parens Patriae          D.    Diversion                                     Answer: B 41.What is the legal doctrine preventing unemancipated children      from suing their parents?          A.    Parens Patriae Doctrine          B.    Equal Protection          C.    Family Immunity Doctrine          D.    Poisonous Tree Doctrine               Answer: C 42.What is the legal doctrine holding parents liable for injuries caused      by a child's negligent driving or other actions?          A.    Family Purpose Doctrine          B.    Family Immunity Doctrine          C.    Parens Patriae Doctrine          D.    None of the above                      Answer: A 43.Guardian ad litem means:          A.    “For the Proceeding"          B.    “Protection of child by the law”          C.    “Guardians of the little children”          D.    “Legal authority”                         Answer: A   44.A court order giving an individual or organization legal authority      over a child. A guardian of the person is usually an individual and      the child is called a ward. A guardian of the estate is usually an      organization, like a bank, which manages the property and assets      of a child's inheritance. Guardians are usually compensated for      their services.          A.    Guardianship          B.    Order of Authority          C.    In Loco Parentis          D.    Parens Patriae                            Answer: A   45.Teachers, administrators, and babysitters who are viewed as      having some temporary parental rights & obligations are      considered          A.    Guardianship          B.    Order of Authority            C.    In Loco Parentis          D.    Parens Patriae                            Answer: C 46.What is the legal doctrine establishing "parental" role of state       over welfare of its citizens, especially its children?          A.    Guardianship          B.    Order of Authority          C.    In Loco Parentis          D.    Parens Patriae                            Answer: D 47.The emergency, temporary custody by a child welfare agency,      police agency, or hospital for reasons of immanent danger to the      child is called          A.    Preventive detention          B.    Diversion          C.    Witness protection program          D.    Protective custody                     Answer: D 48.What is the legal doctrine granting custody to the parent whom      the child feels the greatest emotional attachment to?          A.    Psychological Parent          B.    Maternity          C.    Paternity          D.    Parental Selection                       Answer: A 49.A disposition requiring a defendant to pay damages to a victim.      The law prohibits making it a condition of receiving probation.      Poor families cannot be deprived of probation simply because      they are  too poor to afford it.          A.    Bond          B.    Surety          C.    Restitution          D.    Protection money                        Answer: C           50.An activity illegal when engaged in by a minor, but not when done      by an adult. Examples include truancy, curfew, running away, or      habitually disobeying parents.          A.    Adult Offenses          B.    Minor Offenses          C.    Status Offenses          D.    Stubbornness                             Answer: C 51.A spouse of a biological parent who has no legal rights or duties      to the child other than those which have been voluntarily      accepted.          A.    Maternity          B.    Paternity          C.    Stepparent          D.    Foster parent                              Answer: C 52.A parent who provided an egg, sperm, or uterus with an intent of      giving the child up for adoption to specific parties.          A.    None of these          B.    Stepparent          C.    Foster Parent          D.    Surrogate Parent                        Answer: D 53.What is the legal doctrine that unless the mother is "unfit", very      young children should be placed in custody with their mother      following a divorce?          A.    Tender Years Doctrine          B.    Psychological Parent Doctrine          C.    Unwed Mother’s Doctrine          D.    Illegitimacy                                  Answer: A 54.What is declared of a temporary or permanent termination of      parental rights in the best interest of the child usually for      reasons of abandonment, abuse, or neglect, but also including      mental illness, addiction, or criminal record?          A.    Unfit Parent          B.    Psychological Incapacitation          C.    Mental Disturbance          D.    Child at risk                                 Answer: B 55.It refers to the security given for the release of the person in      custody of the law, furnished by him/her or a bondsman, to      guarantee his/her appearance before any court.          A.    Surety          B.    Money order          C.    Conditions          D.    None of these                            Answer: D 56.It refers to the totality of the circumstances and conditions most      congenial to the survival, protection and feelings of security of      the child and most encouraging to the child’s physical,      psychological and emotional development.          A.    Best interest of the child          B.    Rights          C.    Obligations          D.    Child’s role                                   Answer: A 57.Children who are vulnerable to and at the risk of committing      criminal offenses because of personal, family and social      circumstances are considered          A.    Abused Children          B.    Neglected Children          C.    Children in conflict with the law          D.    Children at risk                            Answer: D    58.A child who is alleged as, accused of, or adjudged as, having      committed an offense under Philippine laws is considered          A.    Child at risk          B.    Child in conflict with the law          C.    Minor offense          D.    Juvenile offender                       Answer: B 59.The apprehension or taking into custody of a child in conflict with      the law by law enforcement officers or private citizens is termed      as:          A.    Arrest          B.    Initial contact          C.    Child custody          D.    All of the above                          Answer: B 60.The series of activities designed to address issues that caused      the child to commit an offense. It may take the form of an      individualized treatment program, which may include counseling,      skills training, education, and other activities that will enhance      his/her psychological, emotional and psycho-social well-being is      called          A.    reformation guide          B.    intervention          C.    diversion          D.    welfare procedures                    Answer: B 61.An undertaking in lieu of a bond assumed by a parent or      custodian who shall be responsible for the appearance in court of      the child in conflict with the law, when required is known as          A.    Status offense          B.    None of these          C.    Recognizance          D.    Bail                                              Answer: C 62.What is the type of offense committed where there is no private      offended party involved?          A.    Status offense          B.    Victimless crime          C.    Minor crime          D.    None of these                            Answer: B   63.What is the doctrine that requires a process of resolving conflicts      with the maximum involvement of the victim, the offender and      the community?          A.    Proactive justice          B.    Restorative justice          C.    Reactive justice          D.    All of the above                          Answer: B 64.One of the following is an act constituting exploitation and sex       abuse among children in exchange of any form of incentive.          A.    Child trafficking             B.    Child abuse          C.    Child prostitution          D.    Child racketeering                       Answer: C 65.Centuries ago, criminal behavior was believed to be the result of      evil spirits and demons.Guilt and innocence were established by a      variety of procedures that presumably called forth the      supernatural allies of the accused. The accused were innocent if      they could survive an ordeal, they were guilty if they died at the      stake or if omens were associated with them. In the 18th      century,this spiritual determination began to give way to:          A.    The belief that there is no such thing as bad spirits          B.    The belief that humans are rational creatures with free                    will,who    seek happiness and pleasure and avoid pain          C.    The belief that man is a demon and devil          D.    The belief that man is evolved from the animal ape.                                                                        Answer: B 66.Among the following classical thoughts in Criminology is not        correct:          A.    The Classical school of Criminology is spearheaded by                   Bentham and Beccaria.          B.    The Classical School of Criminology is an advocate of                  punishment as a deterrent to crime.          C.    The Classical School of Criminology argues that criminals                  were primitive creatures, incapable of living normally in                   society.          D.    The Classical School of Criminology also argued that                  nature has placed mankind under the governance of two                  sovereign masters, “pain” and “pleasure’.                                                                                    Answer: C    67.What school of thought in Criminology challenges the proposition       that man has absolute free will to choose between good and evil      and states that it is not absolute as presumed to be because      free will can be diminished by pathology, mental disorders and      other conditions that may instigate personal responsibility?           A.    Neo-classical School of Criminology          B.    Positivism          C.    Hedonistic Calculus          D.    Radical Criminology                     Answer: A 68.The Classical School of thoughts in Criminology is based on the      principle of free will. The positivist thoughts on the other hand is      focused on the principle of:          A.    Darwinism          B.    Determinism          C.    Cognitive Functioning          D.    Conceptual Thinking                   Answer: B 69.The Differential Association Theory provides a good illustration of      a social learning approach perspective in Criminology Criminal      behavior according to this theory is:          A.    A result of an emotional disturbance          B.    An inmate quality of goodness or badness          C.    Learned and not inherited          D.   An excess of wisdom                    Answer: C 70.What perspective in Criminology probes the situational or      environmental action and examines the underlying conditions with      in the environment that may encourage criminal behavior?          A.    Psychiatric Criminology          B.    Psychological Criminology          C.    Sociological Criminology          D.    Criminal Anthropology                 Answer: C 71.In the past, psychologist assumed that they could best      understand human behavior by searching for a stable, consistent      personality dispositions or traits that exert orderly generalized      effects on behavior. Which among the following theory on      Criminal Behavior is not consistent with the previous statement?          A.Psychoanalytical Theory          B.Strain Theory          C.Behavioral descriptions          D.Psychological Determination           Answer: B 72.Based on the Lombroso’s works, he classified criminals as: the      born criminal, the habitual, the passionate and the criminoloid.     Which of the following statements describe a criminoloid?          A.    the morally insane and hysteric criminal          B.    the impulsive and cruel criminal          C.    the “weak natures” susceptible to bad examples          D.    the primitive and atavist             Answer: C 73.Some criminology theorists have linked physical characteristics      with personality. Among these theories is William Sheldon’s      Somatotyping theory. He classified body physique into three      categories as the endomorphic, the mesomorphic and the      ectomorphic body. Of the following statements, which      appropriately describes the mesomorphic?          A.    the twin and fragile with withdrawn behavior          B.    the muscular and hard physique          C.    the attractive and beautifully shaped          D.    the fat and soft body type        Answer: B 74.According to Hans Eyesenck, in his study about the behavioral      character and incidence to crime, the typical extravert is one      who is:           A.    sociable, impulsive, optimistic and has high needs for                   excitement          B.    reserved, quiet and cautious          C.    undersized, short and untidy          D.    over sized, heavy and firm         Answer: A 75.To explain human behavior, social learning theorists place great      emphasis on cognitive variables. Social learning reflects the      theory’s strong assumption that we learn primarily by observing      and listening to people around us-          A.    the social environment          B.    the stimulus that elicit response          C.    the mental state and brain-mediation processes.          D.    the reinforcements for behavior     Answer: A 76.In the study of juvenile delinquency, which of the following      projects paved the way for a reassessment of existing      treatment and prevention programs for delinquents?          A.    Chicago Area Project of 1930          B.    Illinois Legislature          C.    Boston Child Guidance Clinic          D.    President’s Commission on Law Enforcement in the                 U.S.                                                                         Answer: A 77.One family background predictors in juvenile delinquency is      broken home. The term broken home is ambiguous but can be      characterized by:          A.    Inadequate type of family structure          B.    Anti-social type of family structure          C.    Discordant or disturbed family structure          D.    Disrupted or incomplete family structure   Answer: D 78.Parental discipline appears relation to delinquency. Harsh      discipline in the home may result in more delinquencies than      consistent and reasoning forms of discipline. Aside from this,      screaming at the child, calling the child insulting names,      excessive criticizing or generally ignoring the child is also      contributory to delinquency. These actions simply refers to:          A.    Physical Abuse          B.    Emotional abuse          C.    Unfair parent          D.    Parental neglect                         Answer: B 79.When a person is seen to show indiscriminate giggling or crying,      emotional flatness, the voice is monotonous, the face immobile      and expressionless and manifest highly bizarre and add behavior      then appropriately he is:          A.    suffering from neurotic behavior          B.    suffering from psychopathic behavior          C.    suffering from schizophrenia or psychotic behavior          D.    suffering from sexual dysfunctions    Answer: C 80.It is a popular notion that the brutal, violent and apparently      senseless crime is usually committed by someone who is mentally      ill or sick. Or if not sick, then the person is an animal. The kind of      alternate explanation is an influence of the:          A.    Positivist theory of Criminology          B.    Classical theory of Criminology          C.    Neoclassical theory of Criminology          D.    Differential Association theory of Criminology   Answer: A 81.Which of the following is not a symptom of dyssocial behavior?          A.    Failure to conform to social norms.          B.    Consistent irresponsibility, as reflected in a poor work                   history          C.    Lack of guilt for wrongdoings.          D.    Episode of schizophrenia like illogical thinking  Answer: D 82.A Scottish woodcutter was accused of killing a man he believed      to be Prime Minister for thought that he was persecuted by the      Tories and their leader, Robert Peel, however turned out to be      another person. The court believed he was so mentally deranged      that it would be inhuman to convict him since it was clear he      was not in control of his faculties.This case became known as:             A.    the M’naghten Rule          B.    the Durham Rule          C.    the Brawner Rule          D.    the Irrational Mind Rule              Answer: A      83.One day we maybe cool and withdrawn and the next day, warm      and sociable. This condition may fall into the disorder known as:          A.    Bipolar disorder          B.    Schizophrenia          C.    Psychopathic behavior          D.    Amnesia                                      Answer: A 84.A bank robber who kills some individual with in the bank, flees      with hostages, and kills a number of people while in flight diving a      chase would be an example of:          A.    Serial Murder          B.    Spree Murder          C.    Mass Murder          D.    Multiple Murder                          Answer: A 85.Pedro engaged in a multiple means of torture, using psychological      torment combined with physical methods to lighten his sexual      arousal is suffering from:          A.    Sexual Pyromania          B.    Sexual Sadism          C.    Sexual Torture          D.    Masochism                                  Answer: B 86.There are many pathways to delinquency and a variety of family      circumstances contribute to negative behavior in children.  Which      of the following developmental pathways to delinquency begins      with stubborn behavior, then defiant behavior, and developing      later into avoidance of authority figures like truancy, running      away, staying out late, etc.?          A.    Authority conflict pathways          B.    Covert pathway          C.    Overt pathway          D.    None of these                            Answer: A 87.Which of the following refers to juveniles who have doli incapax?          A.    Children aging from 7 to 12 years          B.    Children above 9 that below 15 years old          C.    Children at puberty age          D.    Children in conflict with the law         Answer: B 88.Recent research and legal literature suggest that a useful away      of classifying juvenile crime is to distinguish between serious and      non-serious acts and between serious and non-serious offenders.      Among the following, which is not considered a serious juvenile      act?          A.    Forcible sexual intercourse          B.    Larceny          C.    Homicide          D.    Vagrancy                                     Answer: D 89.The best PCR a police officer can do to the community is          A.    harass the people           B.    perform his job well          C.    dress well             D.    always present in the office       Answer: B 90.Which of the following is the basic political unit of the Filipino      nation that implements the policies of the national and local      government?          A.    family          B.    society              C.    community            D.    barangay                                    Answer: A 91.In crisis management, the teams under the support unit are under      the control of the ground commander.  Which is responsible for      the collection and processing of all information needed by the on      – scene commander?          A.    Security element          B.    Support unit               C.    Negotiation unit             D.    Intelligence team                        Answer: D 92.What is known to be the oldest but commonly used terrorist     tactic where target are often police, military officials or political     features?          A.    Hijacking          B.    Assassination          C.    Ambush          D.    Kidnap for Ransom                     Answer: B 93.The one who makes complete estimate of the crisis situation and      plans his courses of actions upon arrival at the incident area      while negotiation is in progress is the            A.    Chief Negotiator           B.    Tactical Commander           C.    Fire fighting team           D.    Support Unit Commander          Answer: B 94.A comprehensive plan which delineates responsibilities and      specific action to be taken when a bomb incident or bomb threat      occurs is called          A.    Floor plan          B.    Bomb threat plan          C.    Drill          D.    Contingency plan                       Answer: B 95.What do you call the phenomenon where a hostage begins to      identify his captor and give his sympathy to his own hostage      taker?          A.    Holmshock syndrome          B.    Traumatic syndrome          C.    Withdrawal syndrome          D.    none of these                            Answer: D 96.Among the following, which is most contagious on human      emotion?          A.    Fear          B.    Panic          C.    Worry          D.    Dementia Praecox                      Answer: A 97.In Stockholm syndrome, some of the causes why a hostage      becomes cooperative with the hostage taker is due to          A.    selfishness          B.    personal grudge          C.    personal affection          D.    personal interest                        Answer: C 98.The stage of advance planning, organization and coordination      and control in response to an anticipated future crisis occurrence      is called          A.    Proactive Crisis Management          B.    Reactive Crisis Management             C.    Performance Stage          D.    Reaction Phase                           Answer: A 99.What stage is the performance of the crisis management plan      when a crisis situation occurs?          A.    Pro-active Phase          B.    Reactive Phase             C.    Prediction          D.    None of these                             Answer: B 100.What model of insurgency does the New People’s Army in the         Philippines is employing?          A.    Communist Model          B.    Socialist Model          C.    Democratic  Model          D.    None of these                               Answer: A